县侯初下教

诗词的中文译文：

《待潮顾浦宿耕者张钦舍》

海近云气昏，
The sea is near and the clouds are hazy,
禹迹开茫茫。
Yudi's footprint appears vast and boundless.
晴要列障逻，
The clear sky needs guardposts and checkpoints,
什伍屯平冈。
Soldiers and farmers gather on the flat hill.
顷遭七年旱，
Recently, there have been seven years of drought,
骤见九秋黄。
And then suddenly nine autumns of yellow.
腰镰喜复悲，
The waist sickle brings both joy and sorrow,
泥水新圃场。
As the mud and water replenish the new fields.
县侯初下教，
The county lord just issued his order,
官赋无丰荒。
There are no abundant taxes and shortages.
错挥制锦刀，
Waving a made-up embroidered knife,
戏作编氓创。
Creating through play the pattern of the common people.
身上催租瘢，
Scarred by the pressing rent on their bodies,
短褐愁盖藏。
Their short garments covered in worries.
谭为五县最，
Tan ranks first among the five counties,
荐飞十剡章。
Recommended for ten excellent merits.
逡巡掌邦计，
Traveling and surveying the country's affairs,
跬步封侯王。
Taking small steps to become a lord or a king.
江淮十万师，
The Jianghuai region has a hundred thousand troops,
待饲正颉吭。
Waiting to be fed and shouting at attention.
禾麦今已登，
Crops of rice and wheat have already grown,
妇子戒勿尝。
Women are warned not to taste them prematurely.
行俟天雨粟，
Wait for the heaven-sent rain to ripen the millet,
饱食均四方。
Feasting and equal distribution among all.

诗意和赏析：

这首诗描绘了一个耕者张钦舍的生活场景。诗中描述了近海的云气昏暗，以及禹王的壮举开拓的茫茫大地。诗人将富有神话色彩的禹迹与现实生活中的困境联系起来，强调了人类与自然的相互制约。

诗中提到了一连串的灾难，七年的旱灾，九个秋天的枯黄。这些灾难给耕者们带来了喜悦和悲伤。同时，诗人也描绘了县侯下令减轻赋税负担的情景，以及农民们努力创造自己的生活。

诗中还描述了谭县被评为五县最优秀的县份，以及其官员被推荐为十个品质优秀的人。这表明了诗人对于优秀政绩的赞美和对于社会进步的期望。

诗的后半部分描绘了江淮地区拥有十万军队，等待后勤保障，以及农作物已经长成但人们不能过早品尝。这一部分体现了国家和人民的紧张与期待。

整首诗以巧妙的描写和警醒的语调，展现了宋代农村社会的独特景象和耕者们的艰辛生活。同时，诗人通过将个体的经历与时代背景相结合，表达了对于社会政治现象的观察和对于社会发展的期待。