《和陈器之诗四首·鹿仙山》是一首宋代的诗词,作者是张耒。以下是这首诗词的中文译文、诗意和赏析:
真人朝天去不还,
A true immortal ascends to the heavens and never returns,
千年鹿迹留空山。
Leaving behind the empty mountains with the lingering traces of a thousand-year-old deer.
空山寂寞何所有,
The empty mountains are desolate, what do they possess?
野殿荒凉松桧寒。
The wild palace is desolate, with cold pine and cypress trees.
桑田海水移今古,
The mulberry fields and sea waters have changed through the ages,
兴亡万变谁能数。
Rise and fall, countless changes, who can count them all?
五云深处驾飞龙,
Riding a flying dragon amidst the deep five-colored clouds,
应笑人间换朝暮。
One should laugh at the worldly cycle of changing dynasties.
神仙不与世人期,
The immortals do not share the same aspirations as ordinary people,
骑鹿安和不复归。
Riding on a deer, they find peace and will never return.
朝岚夕霭山秀润,
Morning mist and evening haze adorn the beautiful mountains,
应有灵丹相护持。
Surely there are spiritual elixirs protecting them.
长生可求仙可致,
Longevity can be sought, immortality can be achieved,
浮世腥膻何足嗜。
Why indulge in the worldly desires and foul odors?
君不见汉时九江梅子真,
Haven't you heard of the true story of the plum blossom in Jiujian during the Han Dynasty,
一日辞家隐吴市。
Leaving home one day and hiding in the market of Wu.
这首诗词以描绘仙境和凡尘之间的对比为主题,表达了作者对仙境的向往和对人世间变迁的无奈。诗中描述了真人升仙、鹿迹留存的仙境景象,表现出山林的寂寞和凄凉。作者通过描绘自然景观的变化,以及仙境与人间的对比,表达了对人世间虚妄的鄙弃和对长生不朽的向往,主张追求超越尘世的境界。
诗中的鹿仙山象征着仙境,空山寂寞的描写增加了仙境的神秘感和超然性。同时,通过对桑田海水的描绘,强调了人间兴亡和世事变迁的无常性。诗中的驾飞龙、骑鹿等形象,象征着神仙之境,与人间相比,显示出仙境的高贵和超越性。
最后的两句表达了作者对人们追求长生和超脱尘世的思考和呼唤。诗人以历史上的真实故事作为例证,通过对古人追求仙境的生动描绘,表达了对超越世俗的追求和对浮世的不屑。
这首诗词以细腻的描写和对比的手法,展现了仙境和人间的对立,表达了对超越尘世境界的向往,同时也传达了对世俗纷扰的厌倦和对追求长生不朽的信念。